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China Hunan Yibeinuo New Material Co., Ltd. Company Cases

Issues related to the installation of wear-resistant ceramics on fan impellers and casings

About the installation of ceramics The wear-resistant ceramics embedded in our company adopt a dovetail groove inlaid structure and are fixed with strong adhesives. Although this process is troublesome to process, it can achieve perfect connection of the ceramic pieces along the gaps in the direction of the dovetail groove.   Since the development of this product so far, no ceramic shedding has occurred. The company has fully considered the volume and weight of the ceramic when designing the ceramic block. Even if individual ceramic pieces are damaged, it will not affect the overall dynamic balance of the impeller.   How to solve the problem of heavy wear and tear? The wear-resistant ceramics produced by our company are one of the most wear-resistant industrial materials currently. They adopt new research results that have won the third prize for scientific and technological progress and have excellent wear resistance. Its core is to control three main factors: raw material selection, powder preparation and sintering; 1. The raw materials are high-purity phase alpha alumina and crystal growth inhibitors; 2. The powder adopts a relatively advanced powder preparation process, and the granulated powder produced is evenly distributed and has good fluidity; ​3. Strict sintering process and precise temperature control. This technology can effectively inhibit the growth of crystals and reduce the generation of internal pores, thereby forming a very dense sinter. The impact of adding wear-resistant ceramics on the overall performance of the impeller The weight of the entire porcelain block is about 58Kg. Excluding the weight reduction of the impeller metal body due to metal material processing, the weight of the entire impeller will increase by about 5Kg compared with the original impeller after the production is completed; Since the shape of the original fan is basically not damaged after the installation of wear-resistant ceramics, the impact on the flow rate of the fan after the installation of wear-resistant ceramics is negligible.   How to solve the problem of ceramic peeling off at high temperatures? The fan impeller runs at a high temperature of 200°C for a long time. Most anti-wear manufacturers use traditional epoxy resin-based organic adhesives. This type of viscose is mainly composed of organic ingredients, is not resistant to high temperatures, and is prone to aging. It cannot meet the requirements of long-term operation. Even if it is installed with dovetail groove or spot welding, once it is operated at ultra-high temperature for a long time, the adhesive will easily age, become brittle and become crushed.   Our company uses adhesive and dovetail slots for double fixation. The high-temperature-resistant inorganic adhesive used has excellent adhesion, processability and thixotropy to steel and ceramics; it can be cured at room temperature; it has a very high Strength and toughness; high heat resistance and aging resistance. This method is mature and reliable. Under the operating temperature of -50℃~500℃, the liner will not age or fall off after long-term operation.   How to solve the problem of fan falling off caused by vibration and transportation? The fan impeller experiences strong vibrations during operation, which requires the adhesive not only to have strong shear strength, but also to have strong earthquake resistance, otherwise the ceramic sheets will peel off under vibration. The adhesive we use has high shear strength (2.5MPa), which can largely protect the ceramic from falling off under strong vibrations.   How to solve the impact of sudden heating and cooling on ceramics during startup or shutdown? When the unit is started or shut down, it will encounter sudden heat and cooling. The thermal expansion coefficients of ceramics and steel are inconsistent. In addition, the organic adhesive is brittle, which can easily cause the entire ceramic to peel off. To address this problem, our company has specially improved the inorganic adhesive so that its thermal expansion coefficient is between steel and ceramics (9×10-6m/m.K). At the same time, the microfiber structure of the adhesive can be well adjusted due to The extrusion of ceramics caused by the inconsistent thermal expansion of ceramics and steel greatly ensures that the ceramics will not fall off during long-term operation in various harsh environments.   How to solve the ceramic gap problem? We use mature technology to ensure that the ceramic gap is no more than 1mm. At the same time, in order to avoid forming a gap along the wind direction and perpendicular to the wind direction, we use the dislocation pasting method to install the wear-resistant ceramics. It can avoid erosion of ceramic gaps along the wind direction and achieve small gap docking.

Application case---Port ore conveying system blanking bin and chute wear protection solution

Project Overview As an important export-oriented Yangtze River port and a national first-class water port, the port has an average annual freight throughput capacity of 16 million tons. It is an important public logistics platform for transferring and transporting bulk and groceries in surrounding areas.   Currently, the port mainly loads and unloads ore and ore powder. Due to the highly abrasive nature of the materials and the large transport volume, equipment such as hoppers and chutes are severely worn. Most of the original wear-resistant steel plates wear out after a few months of operation, causing the equipment shell to leak and requiring frequent repairs. This increases the burden of maintenance and seriously affects the normal operation of the equipment and on-site production safety.   Analysis of project-specific situation The chute is severely worn and has been repaired many times. There is no possibility of repairing it again. The following problems exist: 1. Most chutes have small spaces and are very difficult to repair. They can only make external repairs, which cannot completely solve the problem; 2. Due to equipment wear and leakage, the dust and material accumulation on site are very serious, which is not conducive to the achievement of pollution control standards; 3. The design of some equipment is unreasonable, and the material accumulation and blockage are serious. The material needs to be cleaned every few hours, which seriously affects the normal operation of the equipment and makes the operators miserable. 4. Based on the above situation, it is urgent to optimize the design of the useless chutes and pipes and replace them with more wear-resistant wear-resistant materials to completely reverse the current situation on-site.   As a comprehensive service provider of professional equipment anti-wear solutions, our company has accumulated rich experience in anti-wear of bulk terminal equipment. We are honored to participate in the optimization and anti-wear transformation of a port’s blanking bin and blanking chute. We will carefully design and be Responsible for the heavy responsibility and contribute to the safe and civilized production of a certain port.   Solution According to the characteristics of a certain port material conveying system with large annual throughput, heavy material proportion, and strong abrasiveness, and drawing on our company’s experience in other similar working conditions, it is recommended to install ceramic+rubber+ with ZTA as the main wear-resistant material at the impact area. Steel plate composite products, the non-impact surface uses ZTA ceramic + steel plate composite lining plate   The impact surface adopts ZTA ceramic + rubber + steel plate ceramic rubber composite lining plate 1. Ceramic-rubber composite lining plates are produced using the ZTA-toughened ceramic, rubber, and steel plate integrated vulcanization process. 2. The outer dimensions of the lining plate are made strictly per the requirements of the design drawings. Each bolt hole on the plate is accurately positioned. The center distance deviation of the casting holes is controlled within the national standard. The size of the bolt holes is strictly controlled to meet the requirements confirmed by both parties. The position of the screw holes shall be carried out according to the drawings confirmed by both parties to ensure that the connection between the liner and the blanking pipe is smooth and well-sealed. 3. The specifications of fasteners used for ceramic rubber composite linings are as follows: Bolt M16     Grade 8.8       Nut M16      Grade 8 Flat washer 16 200HV Add an anti-loosening pad 4. The back of the lining plate adopts bevel reinforcement and welding method. It is required that the lining plate and bolts are welded and shipped as a whole. 5. The outer surface of the ceramic-rubber composite lining board is anti-rust treated before leaving the factory, painted with two layers of blue-red anti-rust paint, and fixed and packaged with a wooden pallet.     The non-frontal impact part adopts a ceramic lining plate 1. The cermet lining plate is made using the ZTA ceramic and steel plate combination process. 2) The overall dimensions of the board are made in strict accordance with the requirements of the design drawings; the positioning of each bolt hole on the board is accurate, the center distance deviation of the casting holes is controlled within the national standard, and the size of the bolt holes is strictly controlled to meet the requirements confirmed by both parties. The position of the screw holes shall be carried out according to the drawings confirmed by both parties so that the connection between the liner and the blanking pipe is smooth and well-sealed. 3) The specifications of fasteners used for wear-resistant ceramic lining plates are as follows: Bolt M16   Grade 8.8  Nut M16  Grade 8 Flat washer 16 200HV with anti-loosening washer added 4) The back of the lining plate adopts the bevel reinforcement and welding method, and the lining plate and bolts are required to be shipped as one piece after welding. 5) The outer surface of the wear-resistant ceramic lining board is anti-rust treated before leaving the factory, painted with two layers of blue-red anti-rust paint, and fixed and packaged with a wooden pallet.   Expected transformation effects 1. Increase production capacity by more than 5%: Reduce downtime and maintenance time caused by equipment wear and tear, and conservatively estimate that production capacity can be increased by more than 5%. 2. Reduce the blocking phenomenon: Through advanced DEM optimization design and streamlined blanking design, the impact angle between the material flow and the pipe wall is reduced, and the probability of blockage of wet and sticky materials is reduced. ZTA ceramics produced with the company's process technology, It can reduce the phenomenon of material clogging; 3. Extend the service life to more than 2 years: Through structural design optimization, the direct impact wear of the material on the lining plate is minimized. At the same time, the use of ZTA high wear-resistant ceramics can extend the service life of the chute to more than 2 years; 4. solve the dust problem: reduce dust on the ground and reduce the cleaning work on the floor of the material conveying workshop; 5. Reduce operating noise: Control the trajectory and speed of the material flow, reducing the noise generated by the drop tube in the transfer station.      

Do you know the classification and processing technology of special-shaped ceramic lining plates?

Compared with standard linings, special-shaped linings are much more difficult to process because they require more complex manufacturing processes. There are mainly two processing methods: 1. Direct production according to the drawing: This method is suitable for special-shaped liners with complex shapes that are difficult to obtain through cutting. Producing directly according to the design drawings can ensure that the shape and size of the liner fully meet the customer's requirements. However, this method requires high-precision molds and complex manufacturing processes, so the cost will be relatively high.   2. Cutting existing square linings: This method is suitable for special-shaped linings that are relatively simple in shape and can be obtained from square linings by cutting. Through cutting processing, the special-shaped lining plates required by customers can be produced efficiently and accurately. However, this method may be limited by the shape and size of the original square liner and cannot meet the needs of all customers. According to the classification of material composition, special-shaped lining boards can be divided into pure ceramic special-shaped lining boards, ceramic rubber special-shaped lining boards, two-in-one special-shaped lining boards, and three-in-one special-shaped lining boards. Each of these different types of special-shaped linings has its own unique properties and application scenarios. 1. Pure ceramic special-shaped lining plate Pure ceramic liners only have the hardness and wear resistance of wear-resistant ceramics, but have weak impact resistance and the risk of fragmentation. They are often used in combination with other structures. Pure ceramic special-shaped lining plates can be directly pressed and sintered according to the drawings, or they can be cut and processed using square lining plates.   2. Ceramic rubber special-shaped lining plate Ceramic rubber linings have both the wear resistance of ceramics and the impact resistance of rubber. To make special-shaped linings, you can first make ceramic special-shaped linings and then remove the vulcanized rubber, or you can cut and process square ceramic rubber linings.   3. Two-in-one special-shaped lining board The two-in-one ceramic composite lining plate specifically refers to the ceramic composite steel plate. The ceramic ensures the wear resistance of the lining plate, and the steel plate provides structural support. The two-in-one special-shaped lining plate can be made by cutting the steel plate into the required size first. However, to arrange the ceramics, you can also make the square two-in-one lining plate first and then cut it as a whole.   4. Three-in-one special-shaped lining board Three-in-one lining plate refers to the three-in-one lining plate of ceramic, rubber, and steel plate. Ceramic is wear-resistant, rubber is impact-resistant, and steel plate provides structural support. The three have complementary advantages and are suitable for most wear-resistant fields. The three-in-one special-shaped lining plate can be made by first making a special-shaped steel plate and then vulcanizing the ceramic rubber plate through high temperature and pressure. It can also be made by cutting the finished square three-in-one lining plate.

Analysis of causes of wear of dust removal pipes and anti-wear measures

The hazards of dust removal pipe wear The dangers of dust collection pipe wear cannot be ignored. This kind of wear phenomenon mainly occurs in local special-shaped construction areas such as elbows and tees of pipelines. These areas are prone to wear and tear on the inner wall of the pipeline due to changes in the airflow direction and acceleration of the flow rate. Although the wear of straight pipes is relatively weak, long-term dust accumulation and airflow erosion will also cause certain damage to them.   Wear and tear will not only cause air leakage in the system and reduce dust removal efficiency but may also seriously damage the function of the dust removal system. When the pipeline wear is serious, the air leakage will increase, making it difficult for the dust removal system to maintain a stable operating state, thus affecting the effective control of dust sources. This will not only lead to an increase in environmental pollution problems but may also affect the production efficiency of enterprises and employees' working environment. Factors affecting dust removal pipe wear 1. The influence of wind speed in the pipe: The wind speed in the pipe is the key factor that determines the movement and collision speed of dust particles. Excessively high wind speeds may cause dust particles to hit the pipe walls at higher velocities, thereby increasing wear. Conversely, wind speeds that are too low can cause dust particles to deposit on the pipe walls, which can also lead to wear in the long term. Therefore, it is essential to choose an appropriate wind speed.   2. Influence of dust concentration: Dust concentration is also an important factor affecting wear. High concentrations of dust mean more particles inside the pipe collide with the walls, increasing the potential for wear. However, dust concentrations that are too low may result in reduced wear in certain areas within the pipe because collisions are less frequent and less severe.   3. Influence of incident angle: The incident angle refers to the angle at which dust particles hit the pipe wall. Different incident angles will lead to different wear effects. For example, particles hitting the wall at right angles may cause more wear, while impacts at oblique angles may reduce wear. Therefore, by adjusting the duct design or optimizing the airflow distribution, the angle of incidence can be controlled, thereby reducing wear.   4. Influence of friction coefficient: The friction coefficient is related to many factors such as the hardness of the dust particle material, the hardness of the wall material, the surface geometry of the particles, and the surface roughness of the pipe. A higher coefficient of friction usually means greater wear. Therefore, choosing materials and surface treatments with lower friction coefficients can effectively reduce the wear of dust collection pipes.   Measures to prevent wear and tear 1. On the premise of ensuring that the dust in the pipe does not settle, try to control the wind speed in the pipe.   2. Reasonably design the vacuum hood structure and exhaust position, control the daily wind speed of the hood, and try to avoid excessive and coarse dust particles in the pipeline.   3. Design a suitable elbow curvature radius, and appropriately increase the wall thickness of 1 to 2 mm at the elbow or tee.   4. Use wear-resistant composite pipes, such as wear-resistant ceramics, wear-resistant cast iron, wear-resistant cast stone, wear-resistant rubber, wear-resistant coating, etc.   The wear-resistant ceramic pipes produced by our company are designed to solve the problem of particularly serious wear and tear in powder and slurry conveying systems. The outer shell is made of steel and the lining is alumina ceramics with excellent wear resistance. It not only plays the role of high-temperature wear resistance, but The corrosion resistance performance also brings into play the characteristics of high strength and high toughness of steel pipe materials. The integrated design makes it easy to replace and install.   This kind of wear-resistant ceramic composite pipe has broken through the long-standing anti-wear problem of industrial pipelines, so it has replaced most elbows and pipes in pneumatic conveying systems in thermal power, metallurgy, steel, coal, cement, petroleum, chemical, and other industries as soon as it came out. It has been proven by hundreds of customers that the use of wear-resistant ceramic pipes can effectively extend the service life of the equipment by more than 10 times.

What is a ceramic hose

A ceramic hose is a kind of composite pipe that combines ceramic and metal organically. Ceramic hose combines the advantages of high hardness of alumina, good chemical inertness, and steel, and has excellent wear, corrosion, heat, and heat resistance. Impact and anti-mechanical impact performance, used in power plant coal powder, ash, mine powder, tailings, backfill, coal in coal mines, concentrators, coke particles in coking plants, and materials in sintering plants. The service life is 15 higher than that of ordinary steel pipes. It can also be used for the transportation of aluminum liquid and corrosive medium.    Wear resistance: The Al2O3 content in the lining ceramic layer of the ceramic composite steel pipe is more than 90%, and the microhardness is HV1000-1800, so it has extremely high wear resistance, and its wear resistance is ten times higher than that of the quenched medium carbon steel. times, better than tungsten drill carbide. Corrosion resistance: Ceramic is a neutral material with stable chemical properties, excellent corrosion resistance, and acid resistance, and can resist various inorganic acids, organic acids, organic solvents, etc., and its corrosion resistance is more than ten times that of stainless steel. Heat resistance: It can work for a long time at -50℃~900℃. Easy to weld: The ceramic-lined composite steel pipe can be connected by welding the outer steel pipe. Convenient transportation and installation: Compared with steel pipes, wear-resistant alloy cast pipes, cast iron pipes, and cast stone pipes, ceramic-lined composite steel pipes are relatively light in weight and are easy to transport and install. Ceramic-lined composite steel pipes can be welded, flanged, flexible, and fast.  

Do you know the difference between ceramic pump tubes and alloy pump tubes?

Wear-resistant pump pipe is the abbreviation of concrete pump pipe. Because it is called concrete pump pipe, the pump pipe is divided into two types: truck pump pipe and ground pump pipe according to the scope of use. The truck pump pipe includes a booming pipe, hinge elbow, and reducer For pipes and elbows, the main materials on the market are wear-resistant alloy pipes and ceramic pump pipes. Today we will talk about the advantages and disadvantages of the two materials.   Wear-resistant alloy pump tube Wear-resistant alloy pipes are widely used. The wear-resistant pump pipes are welded with alloy steel pipes. After high-temperature quenching treatment, a wear-resistant layer of 2.0mm is formed on the inner wall of the wear-resistant pump pipe. The hardness of the wear-resistant layer reaches HRC60 or more. The 125A flange is inlaid with a wear-resistant sleeve with a hardness of more than 60, which ensures the conveying volume of concrete. It is mainly composed of steel pipes and flanges. Advantage: The production process is relatively simple and the price is relatively low. Shortcoming: 1. The hardness is (HRA77-HRA80), the wear resistance is poor, and increasing the hardness will lead to an increase in cost. 2. It is easy to wear and tear, and the inner wall of the pipeline will become rough after wear, and the connection gap is large, which is prone to material blocking. 3. The density is high, the weight is heavy, the load on the pump arm is large, and the installation and maintenance are inconvenient.   Wear-resistant ceramic pump tube The wear-resistant ceramic pump tube is pasted with alumina ceramics inside the steel tube to prolong the service life of the pump tube. Advantage: 1. The hardness can reach HRA90, second only to diamond, and the service life of the pump tube made of ceramic material is more than 5 times higher than that of the alloy pump tube. 2. The ceramic installation is smooth and the gap is small, ensuring that the material does not block the material when passing through, basically solving the problem of hanging material and blocking the material, and the pipeline is easy to clean. 3. Low density and lightweight. The density of wear-resistant ceramic is generally 3.9g/cm3, which is only half of the alloy material. Under the same specification, the quality of a wear-resistant ceramic pump tube is 40% lighter than that of an alloy pump tube. This not only greatly reduces the difficulty and cost of maintenance and replacement, but also reduces the load on the pump arm. 4. The flanges at both ends are made of super wear-resistant ceramics, which can effectively improve the wear resistance of weak parts.   Shortcoming: The price is slightly more expensive than the ordinary alloy pump tube, and the impact resistance of the ceramic pump tube is relatively weak, so try to avoid the impact of hard objects during use.

What are the influencing factors of wear of material conveying wear-resistant pipes?

Material conveying wear-resistant pipes are the bloodline of industrial production, and ensuring the service life of pipes is a prerequisite for safe and efficient production. The wear of straight pipes is generally much smaller than that of bent pipes. Therefore, the wear of the elbow is mainly considered in pneumatic conveying. The conveyed materials are abrasive materials such as iron powder. Using an ordinary steel elbow, continuous conveying for 2 hours, the elbow will be worn through.   The main factors of wear caused by material impact or friction on the inner wall of the pipe are as follows: (1) Transport medium: including particle size and shape, concentration, hardness, moisture, crushing rate and adhesion, etc. (2) Pipe material: Including the material and metal structure of the delivery pipe, hardness, inner diameter, surface treatment, etc. (3) Delivery conditions: Including conveying air velocity, temperature, flow state, etc. In actual transportation, the influence of the above factors on wear does not exist singly but appears comprehensively. Therefore, even if it is the same material, the wear-resistant pipeline-ceramic composite pipe of the same material is used, and the degree of wear is different due to different transportation conditions. The product series produced by the company include: wear-resistant ceramic pipes, wear-resistant ceramic composite liners, wear-resistant ceramic drum rubber coatings, ceramic steel plate composite liners, hopper silos, integrated equipment lining ceramics, engineering machinery concrete ceramic pump pipes, and other products, It is widely used in more than 30 large and medium-sized cities and large and medium-sized enterprises in China, and exported to many countries around the world, and is widely praised.   The wear-resistant ceramic pipes produced by the company make full use of the steel pipe's high strength, good toughness, impact resistance, good welding performance, and the high hardness, high wear resistance, corrosion resistance, and heat resistance of the corundum porcelain, which overcomes the low hardness of the steel pipe. Defects such as poor wear resistance and poor ceramic toughness. Therefore, the composite pipe has good comprehensive properties such as wear resistance, heat resistance, corrosion resistance, mechanical shock resistance thermal shock resistance, and good weldability. It is an ideal wear resistance and corrosion resistance for conveying particulate materials, grinding, and corrosive media. pipeline.  

How to choose wear-resistant ceramic tubes?

Ceramic patch pipes Ceramic patch pipes are made by sticking alumina ceramic sheets on the inner wall of the pipe with high temperature resistant strong adhesive and form a firm anti-wear layer after being heated and solidified. The production process is simple and the cost is high. The operating temperature generally cannot exceed 100 degrees, which is not suitable for pipelines. Spot welding clamped wear-resistant ceramic pipe Spot welding clamp-type wear-resistant ceramic pipes are made by using high temperature resistant strong adhesive to paste alumina ceramic sheets with holes in the middle on the inner wall of the pipe, and at the same time, the ceramic is firmly welded to the inner wall of the steel pipe through the small holes with the spot welding process. In order to protect the solder joints, a ceramic cap is screwed on. Each piece of porcelain is not only pressed and inserted into each other, but each piece of porcelain forms a trapezoidal angle so that the tiles are tightly connected and there is no gap; when the last piece of a circle is tightly embedded, a 360° mechanical freedom is formed between the tiles. Locking force (this technique was used in Chinese bridge construction projects centuries ago). The production process of this kind of product is relatively complicated, the production cycle is long, and the cost is high. One piece wear resistant ceramic pipe One-piece wear-resistant ceramic pipes are also called ceramic-lined composite steel pipes. After the ceramic pipe fittings are fired as a whole, they are glued to the inner wall of the pipe with an adhesive. The pipeline has a smooth inner wall, good sealing performance, and good wear resistance and corrosion resistance. Ceramic steel pipes are fundamentally different from traditional steel pipes, wear-resistant alloy cast steel pipes, cast stone pipes, steel plastic, and steel rubber pipes. The outer layer of ceramic steel pipe is steel pipe, and the inner layer is corundum. The Vickers hardness of the corundum layer is as high as 100-1500 (Rockwell hardness is 90-98), which is equivalent to tungsten-cobalt hard gold. The wear resistance is more than 20 times higher than that of carbon steel pipes. The wear resistance of ceramic steel pipes is mainly based on the inner layer of a few millimeters thick corundum layer. Its Mohs hardness is 9, second only to diamond and silicon carbide. Among all oxides, its hardness is the highest. Ceramic wear-resistant steel pipe lined with high abrasion resistance and strong fluid erosion resistance. In the primary air duct, the elbow wears the fastest, and the wear resistance of the ceramic lining wear-resistant steel pipe elbow is more than 5 times higher than that of the thick-walled wear-resistant cast steel elbow. Centrifugal casting composite ceramic pipe The centrifugal casting composite ceramic pipe is a composite pipe manufactured by "self-spreading high-temperature synthesis-high-speed centrifugal technology", which forms a uniform, dense and smooth ceramic layer and transition layer at high temperature and high speed.  

Why choose wear-resistant ceramic pipes?

Compared with other wear-resistant materials, wear-resistant ceramic pipes have better wear resistance and corrosion resistance, and the overall weight of wear-resistant ceramic pipes of the same thickness is much lower than that of wear-resistant steel pipes. The joints are welded and welded. Connection methods such as blue or flexible quick joints are convenient for transportation, saving manpower and material resources, and installation is easier and faster. In addition to the standard carbon steel pipe, the outer pipe material of the wear-resistant ceramic pipe can also be made of 316 or 304 stainless steel and other alloy or plastic materials, which can meet the application of different working conditions and make the use more flexible and changeable. In addition to the above advantages, wear-resistant ceramic pipes also have the following characteristics: 1. The running resistance is low, and the wear-resistant ceramic lining is uniform, tight, and smooth, which can significantly reduce the pressure loss and prevent the power eddy current. 2. Impact-resistant and wear-resistant ceramics have strong impact resistance, and the spherical ceramic plate is specially designed to weaken this impact, and can withstand the strong impact of large particles. 3. High-temperature resistance and aging resistance, choose suitably coated ceramics, that can be used for a long time at 700 degrees Celsius, and the ceramics will not fall off; 4. The service life is more than 10 years. Under the same thickness and the same working conditions, the wear resistance of the wear-resistant ceramic tube is more than 20 times that of the ordinary tube.  
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